CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
The numbers
Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
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Appellations

An appellation is an official wine-growing area with its own rules. These are the ones behind the famous wines on this site.

A stone wall and an open gate at the edge of a vineyard

Bordeaux

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Château Margaux and its vineyardsAppellationMargauxThe largest of the Médoc's great communes and home of Château Margaux and Palmer.Vineyards of PauillacAppellationPauillacThree of the five first growths and the most expensive vineyard land in the Médoc.Pessac-LéognanAppellationPessac-LéognanThe Graves' top appellation, created in 1987 around Haut-Brion — the only first growth outside the Médoc.Vineyards of PomerolAppellationPomerolA small plateau of Merlot on clay and gravel with no classification and the highest bottle prices in Bordeaux.Saint-ÉmilionAppellationSaint-ÉmilionThe Right Bank's largest fine-wine appellation, with a classification revised roughly every decade — and…SauternesAppellationSauternesBotrytised Sémillon at a tenth of a red estate's yield: Yquem and the 1855 sweet-wine classification.

Burgundy

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Chambolle-MusignyAppellationChambolle-MusignyMusigny and Bonnes-Mares; the village of Georges Roumier and the Comte de Vogüé.Gevrey-ChambertinAppellationGevrey-ChambertinNine grands crus, including Chambertin and Clos de Bèze — the largest grand cru holding of any Côte de Nuits…MeursaultAppellationMeursaultWhite Burgundy's largest quality village and the home of Coche-Dury.Vosne-RomanéeAppellationVosne-RomanéeThe village with the most expensive vineyard land in the world: Romanée-Conti, La Tâche, Richebourg and…

Champagne

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Vineyards in ChampagneAppellationCôte des BlancsChampagne's Chardonnay heartland: Le Mesnil-sur-Oger, Avize, Cramant, Oger — the grands crus behind Salon and…Montagne de ReimsAppellationMontagne de ReimsPinot Noir grands crus — Aÿ, Bouzy, Ambonnay, Verzenay — the backbone of Bollinger and Krug.

Mosel

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The SaarAppellationSaarThe Mosel's coolest tributary and the home of Egon Müller's Scharzhofberg.

Napa Valley

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OakvilleAppellationOakvilleThe benchland that makes Screaming Eagle, Harlan, Opus One and To Kalon — Napa's most valuable acres.RutherfordAppellationRutherfordRutherford dust: Inglenook, Beaulieu, Scarecrow and the historic heart of Napa Cabernet.Vineyards in Napa ValleyAppellationYountvilleDominus Estate's Napanook vineyard and the southern gateway to Napa's Cabernet belt.

Piedmont

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Barbaresco and its tower, LangheAppellationBarbarescoNebbiolo's second great appellation, made famous by Gaja and Bruno Giacosa.Barolo and its vineyards, LangheAppellationBaroloEleven communes, 2,200 hectares, 181 delimited vineyard areas — Italy's most developed cru economy.

Rhône

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Châteauneuf-du-PapeAppellationChâteauneuf-du-PapeThe southern Rhône's flagship: 3,200 hectares of Grenache on stony soils, with Rayas and Beaucastel at the…Terraced vineyards of Côte-Rôtie at AmpuisAppellationCôte-RôtieSteep Syrah terraces above the Rhône, revived by Guigal's La Mouline, La Landonne and La Turque.The hill of Hermitage above TainAppellationHermitageOne hill, 137 hectares, and Syrah that trades with Bordeaux's classified growths.

Rioja

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Rioja AltaAppellationRioja AltaThe classic heart of Rioja: Haro's station district, La Rioja Alta, López de Heredia and Marqués de…

Tuscany

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The village of BolgheriAppellationBolgheriA coastal DOC created in 1994 for Cabernet and Merlot, home of Sassicaia, Ornellaia and Masseto.MontalcinoAppellationBrunello di MontalcinoSangiovese aged for five years before release: Biondi-Santi, Soldera and the long-aged tier of Tuscany.