Wine words

먼저 알아둘 네 가지 단어

강한 홍차 한 잔 옆에 포도 껍질과 씨를 담은 나무 숟가락 — 타닌
레드 와인을 마실 때 느껴지는 건조하고 떫은 느낌으로, 강한 홍차와 비슷합니다. 포도 껍질과 씨에서 나옵니다.
진한 레드 와인을 한 모금 머금고 혀로 잇몸을 훑어보세요. 그 건조하고 까끌까끌한 느낌이 타닌입니다.

화이트 와인 잔 옆에서 레몬을 짜는 손 — 산도
레모네이드의 상큼함처럼, 와인에서 느껴지는 군침 도는 신선한 느낌입니다. 와인을 생기 있게 하고 음식과 잘 어울리게 합니다.
한 모금 마신 뒤 입에 침이 고인다면, 그 와인은 산미가 충분한 것입니다.

작은 불 위에서 새 오크 배럴 안쪽을 토스팅하는 쿠퍼 — 오크
많은 와인이 오크 배럴에서 숙성되며, 바닐라·토스트·스파이스 같은 풍미가 더해집니다.
바닐라, 토스트, 코코넛 향이 느껴진다면 대개 배럴의 영향입니다.

계단식 언덕의 오래된 포도나무 옆에서 짙은 흙을 두 손으로 쥔 모습 — 테루아르
와인이 탄생한 장소의 모든 것 — 토양, 경사, 기후 — 를 아우르는 프랑스어, 테루아르입니다.
같은 품종을 두 곳에서 생산한 와인을 나란히 놓고 맛보세요. 그 차이가 바로 테루아입니다.

일상적인 와인 용어

와인 기초 →

아펠라시옹: Chablis나 Napa Valley처럼 법으로 보호받는 공식 와인 산지 명칭입니다.
블렌드: 두 가지 이상의 포도를 블렌딩한 와인입니다. 보르도 레드와 대부분의 Champagne이 블렌드입니다.
바디: 입안에서 느껴지는 와인의 무게감입니다. 가벼우면 저지방 우유, 풀바디면 생크림을 떠올리세요.
Brut: 스파클링 와인에서 드라이를 뜻합니다. Extra Brut는 더욱 드라이합니다.
코르크 오염: 눅눅한 골판지 냄새를 풍기는 와인 결함입니다. 병 안의 코르크 조각 때문이 아니라 오염된 코르크 마개가 원인입니다.
Cru: 공인된 품질의 포도밭이나 에스테이트를 뜻하는 프랑스어입니다. Grand cru가 최상위 등급입니다.
디캔팅: 공기 접촉을 위해, 또는 침전물을 걸러내기 위해 서빙 전 와인을 디캔터에 옮겨 담는 것입니다.
드라이: 달지 않습니다. 대부분의 와인은 드라이합니다.
피니시: 삼킨 후에도 남아 있는 맛. 여운이 길면 좋은 와인이라는 신호입니다.
논빈티지: 여러 해의 와인을 블렌딩한 것으로 Champagne에서 흔합니다. NV로 표기합니다.
소믈리에: 레스토랑에서 와인을 관리하고 선택을 도와주는 사람입니다.
품종: 한 가지 품종을 주로 사용하고 그 이름을 붙인 와인. Merlot이 그 예입니다.
빈티지: 포도를 수확한 연도.

비즈니스 용어

와인 거래와 관련된 용어들입니다. 구매, 판매, 운송, 가격 책정을 다룹니다. 이 사이트의 가격 페이지를 읽을 때 유용합니다.

A B C D E G H I M N P R S T V Y

A

Allocation

The fixed quantity of a scarce wine a producer offers to a given importer or merchant each vintage, usually at a price well below the secondary market. In Burgundy and cult Napa, the allocation itself is a valuable right.

Appellation

A legally defined wine-producing area with rules on grapes, yields and methods (AOC/AOP in France, DOC/DOCG in Italy, AVA in the United States). Fixes the supply of a named wine to a mapped area.

B

Buyer's premium

The percentage an auction house adds to the hammer price, commonly 15–25%, paid by the buyer. One of the transaction costs that a gross return leaves out.

C

CAGR

Compound annual growth rate: the steady yearly rate that would take a starting value to an ending value over the years between, (end/start)^(1/years) − 1. Corkonomics annualises only spans of a year or more.

Classified growth (cru classé)

A château ranked in an official classification — the 1855 Médoc and Sauternes lists (first to fifth growths), Saint-Émilion's periodically revised list, the Graves classification. Fixes reputation and, with it, pricing power.

D

Drawdown

The largest decline from a previous peak in a price series, expressed as a negative percentage. Describes the worst moment of holding an asset, not its end result.

E

En primeur

The sale of Bordeaux wine as futures in the spring after the harvest, about eighteen months before bottling and delivery, at a price set by the château and offered through the Place de Bordeaux. Historically a discount for early commitment; in recent campaigns often not.

G

Grand cru

In Burgundy, a vineyard site at the top of the appellation hierarchy (33 in the Côte d'Or, about 550 ha). In Bordeaux, a term used in classifications with different meanings (Saint-Émilion Grand Cru is a broad appellation). In Champagne, one of 17 villages rated 100% on the échelle des crus.

Grape Crush Report

The annual California report (CDFA / USDA NASS) of tons crushed and weighted average prices per ton by district and variety — the most transparent grape-price record in the world, and the source of Napa's grape economics on this site.

H

HTS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule)

The United States tariff schedule, maintained by the USITC. Wine is heading 2204; the base duties are specific rates per litre (6.3¢/l for still wine ≤ 14% in containers ≤ 2 l; 19.8¢/l sparkling). Additional measures by origin sit on top.

Hammer price

The price at which an auction lot is knocked down, before the buyer's premium. The seller receives the hammer less commission; the buyer pays the hammer plus premium. Corkonomics records hammer and premium separately.

Hectolitre (hl)

One hundred litres, or 133 bottles of 750 ml. The unit of European wine production and yield.

I

IEEPA

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, cited for the 2025 'reciprocal' tariffs; the Supreme Court held on 20 February 2026 that it does not authorise tariffs, and the duties were refunded.

Imputed land cost

The opportunity cost of the capital tied up in a vineyard — its value times a cost of capital — charged per bottle. Used in the cost model because most top estates own land they never bought at market. Not a purchase price and not a cash cost.

In bond

Wine held in a licensed bonded warehouse on which duty and sales tax have not yet been paid. Trade prices are quoted in bond; the wine can be sold on without leaving. The warehouse record becomes part of the wine's provenance.

M

Monopole

A Burgundy vineyard owned entirely by one producer — Romanée-Conti and La Tâche (DRC), La Romanée (Liger-Belair). The purest case of fixed supply.

N

Négociant

A merchant house that buys wine (or grapes) from producers and sells it on under its own label or the producer's. In Bordeaux, the intermediary between château and importer, working on a margin of roughly 10–20%.

P

Place de Bordeaux

The distribution system of Bordeaux: châteaux sell to négociants through courtiers (brokers), who sell on to importers and merchants worldwide. Several non-Bordeaux wines — Opus One, Sassicaia, Masseto among them — also distribute through it.

Prestige cuvée

A Champagne house's top wine — Dom Pérignon, Cristal, Krug, La Grande Année — usually vintage, aged for years before release, and the collectible tier of the region.

Provenance

The documented history of a bottle or case: where it has been stored, by whom, since release. Priced explicitly by the market; a wine without provenance may be unsaleable at the top.

R

Real return

A return with inflation removed, so that a rise in price is separated from a fall in the value of money. Corkonomics deflates by the US consumer price index.

Release price

The price at which a producer first offers a vintage — ex-château en primeur in Bordeaux, the allocation price in Burgundy, the mailing-list price in Napa, the house price in Champagne. Recorded on Corkonomics with its currency, date and source.

S

SAFER

The French land agencies that publish vineyard prices by appellation each year (Le prix des terres). The source of French land values on this site.

Scarcity score

Corkonomics' 0–100 estimate of how hard a wine-vintage is to find: it starts from the bottles made, assumes a share is drunk every year, and adjusts for bottle size and the producer's standing. 100 means very few bottles are likely left; blank means no production figure is published. Not a rating of quality.

Secondary market

Every sale after the producer's first: merchants, auction houses and exchanges trading wine already released. Where scarce wines are priced in practice.

Section 301

A provision of the Trade Act of 1974 under which the US Trade Representative can impose duties in response to foreign practices. From 24 July 2026 the basis of the 10%/12.5% additional duties on imports from 60 economies, including wine.

T

Three-tier system

The US structure under which most wine passes from producer to distributor to retailer, each taking a margin; together they commonly double the winery price. Direct-to-consumer sales bypass it.

V

Volatility

The annualised standard deviation of changes between price observations — how jumpy a price path was. Corkonomics computes it only with eight or more observations.

Y

Yield

Grape or wine output per unit of vineyard: hectolitres per hectare in Europe, tons per acre in the United States, kilograms per hectare in Champagne. Appellation rules cap it; top estates crop below the cap. One hl/ha is about 133 bottles per hectare.

먼저 알아둘 네 가지 단어

타닌

산도

오크

테루아르

일상적인 와인 용어

비즈니스 용어

A

B

C

D

E

G

H

I

M

N

P

R

S

T

V

Y