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土地价格
好年份与差年份
法定产区列表
著名葡萄园
名酒鉴赏
谁在酿造它们
查找年份
比较酒款
先学四个词
单宁
红葡萄酒中那种收敛、发涩的感觉，像浓茶一样。它来自葡萄皮和葡萄籽。
喝一口浓郁红酒，用舌头扫过牙龈。那种干涩、毛糙的感觉就是单宁。
酸度
葡萄酒中令人口舌生津的清新感，就像柠檬水的酸爽。它让葡萄酒保持活力，也让它更适合搭配食物。
喝一口后口中生津，说明这款酒的酸度相当充足。
橡木
许多葡萄酒在橡木桶中陈年，由此带来香草、烤面包和香料等风味。
闻到香草、烤面包或椰子的气息？那通常是橡木桶留下的印记。
风土
法语词汇，泛指一款酒产地的一切自然条件：土壤、坡向与气候。
把同一品种来自两个不同产地的酒并排品尝。这种差异就是风土（terroir）。
日常葡萄酒词汇
葡萄酒基础 →- 法定产区
- 葡萄酒的官方法定产区名称，受法律保护，例如 Chablis 或 Napa Valley。
- 混酿
- 由多种葡萄混酿而成的葡萄酒。波尔多红葡萄酒和大多数 Champagne 都是混酿。
- 酒体
- 酒在口中的重量感。可以把低脂牛奶理解为清淡，把奶油理解为饱满。
- Brut
- 用在起泡酒上，表示干型。Extra Brut 则更干。
- 木塞污染
- 一种让葡萄酒散发出潮湿纸板气味的缺陷。原因是瓶塞受到污染，与杯中的软木碎屑无关。
- Cru
- 法语，指经认定具有优质品质的葡萄园或庄园。Grand cru 是最高等级。
- 醒酒
- 在上桌前将葡萄酒倒入醒酒器，目的是让酒与空气接触，或将沉淀物留在瓶中。
- 干型
- 不甜。大多数葡萄酒都是干型的。
- 余味
- 吞咽后残留的味道。余味绵长是一个好兆头。
- 非年份酒
- 混合多个年份酿造，在Champagne很常见。标注为NV。
- 侍酒师
- 餐厅里负责打理葡萄酒、帮你做选择的那个人，称为侍酒师。
- 单一品种
- 主要由单一葡萄品种酿造并以该品种命名的葡萄酒，例如 Merlot。
- 年份
- 葡萄采摘的年份。
商业术语
葡萄酒贸易端的常用术语：买卖、运输与定价。读本站价格页面时会用得上。
A
Allocation
The fixed quantity of a scarce wine a producer offers to a given importer or merchant each vintage, usually at a price well below the secondary market. In Burgundy and cult Napa, the allocation itself is a valuable right.
Appellation
A legally defined wine-producing area with rules on grapes, yields and methods (AOC/AOP in France, DOC/DOCG in Italy, AVA in the United States). Fixes the supply of a named wine to a mapped area.
B
Buyer's premium
The percentage an auction house adds to the hammer price, commonly 15–25%, paid by the buyer. One of the transaction costs that a gross return leaves out.
C
CAGR
Compound annual growth rate: the steady yearly rate that would take a starting value to an ending value over the years between, (end/start)^(1/years) − 1. Corkonomics annualises only spans of a year or more.
Classified growth (cru classé)
A château ranked in an official classification — the 1855 Médoc and Sauternes lists (first to fifth growths), Saint-Émilion's periodically revised list, the Graves classification. Fixes reputation and, with it, pricing power.
D
Drawdown
The largest decline from a previous peak in a price series, expressed as a negative percentage. Describes the worst moment of holding an asset, not its end result.
E
En primeur
The sale of Bordeaux wine as futures in the spring after the harvest, about eighteen months before bottling and delivery, at a price set by the château and offered through the Place de Bordeaux. Historically a discount for early commitment; in recent campaigns often not.
G
Grand cru
In Burgundy, a vineyard site at the top of the appellation hierarchy (33 in the Côte d'Or, about 550 ha). In Bordeaux, a term used in classifications with different meanings (Saint-Émilion Grand Cru is a broad appellation). In Champagne, one of 17 villages rated 100% on the échelle des crus.
Grape Crush Report
The annual California report (CDFA / USDA NASS) of tons crushed and weighted average prices per ton by district and variety — the most transparent grape-price record in the world, and the source of Napa's grape economics on this site.
H
HTS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule)
The United States tariff schedule, maintained by the USITC. Wine is heading 2204; the base duties are specific rates per litre (6.3¢/l for still wine ≤ 14% in containers ≤ 2 l; 19.8¢/l sparkling). Additional measures by origin sit on top.
Hammer price
The price at which an auction lot is knocked down, before the buyer's premium. The seller receives the hammer less commission; the buyer pays the hammer plus premium. Corkonomics records hammer and premium separately.
Hectolitre (hl)
One hundred litres, or 133 bottles of 750 ml. The unit of European wine production and yield.
I
IEEPA
The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, cited for the 2025 'reciprocal' tariffs; the Supreme Court held on 20 February 2026 that it does not authorise tariffs, and the duties were refunded.
Imputed land cost
The opportunity cost of the capital tied up in a vineyard — its value times a cost of capital — charged per bottle. Used in the cost model because most top estates own land they never bought at market. Not a purchase price and not a cash cost.
In bond
Wine held in a licensed bonded warehouse on which duty and sales tax have not yet been paid. Trade prices are quoted in bond; the wine can be sold on without leaving. The warehouse record becomes part of the wine's provenance.
M
Monopole
A Burgundy vineyard owned entirely by one producer — Romanée-Conti and La Tâche (DRC), La Romanée (Liger-Belair). The purest case of fixed supply.
N
Négociant
A merchant house that buys wine (or grapes) from producers and sells it on under its own label or the producer's. In Bordeaux, the intermediary between château and importer, working on a margin of roughly 10–20%.
P
Place de Bordeaux
The distribution system of Bordeaux: châteaux sell to négociants through courtiers (brokers), who sell on to importers and merchants worldwide. Several non-Bordeaux wines — Opus One, Sassicaia, Masseto among them — also distribute through it.
Prestige cuvée
A Champagne house's top wine — Dom Pérignon, Cristal, Krug, La Grande Année — usually vintage, aged for years before release, and the collectible tier of the region.
Provenance
The documented history of a bottle or case: where it has been stored, by whom, since release. Priced explicitly by the market; a wine without provenance may be unsaleable at the top.
R
Real return
A return with inflation removed, so that a rise in price is separated from a fall in the value of money. Corkonomics deflates by the US consumer price index.
Release price
The price at which a producer first offers a vintage — ex-château en primeur in Bordeaux, the allocation price in Burgundy, the mailing-list price in Napa, the house price in Champagne. Recorded on Corkonomics with its currency, date and source.
S
SAFER
The French land agencies that publish vineyard prices by appellation each year (Le prix des terres). The source of French land values on this site.
Scarcity score
Corkonomics' 0–100 estimate of how hard a wine-vintage is to find: it starts from the bottles made, assumes a share is drunk every year, and adjusts for bottle size and the producer's standing. 100 means very few bottles are likely left; blank means no production figure is published. Not a rating of quality.
Secondary market
Every sale after the producer's first: merchants, auction houses and exchanges trading wine already released. Where scarce wines are priced in practice.
Section 301
A provision of the Trade Act of 1974 under which the US Trade Representative can impose duties in response to foreign practices. From 24 July 2026 the basis of the 10%/12.5% additional duties on imports from 60 economies, including wine.
T
Three-tier system
The US structure under which most wine passes from producer to distributor to retailer, each taking a margin; together they commonly double the winery price. Direct-to-consumer sales bypass it.
V
Volatility
The annualised standard deviation of changes between price observations — how jumpy a price path was. Corkonomics computes it only with eight or more observations.
Y
Yield
Grape or wine output per unit of vineyard: hectolitres per hectare in Europe, tons per acre in the United States, kilograms per hectare in Champagne. Appellation rules cap it; top estates crop below the cap. One hl/ha is about 133 bottles per hectare.