CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
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Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
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Scarcity: how many bottles survive, and why that sets the price

Production is only the starting point. Consumption, breakage and time reduce the surviving supply of a vintage every year — and the scarcity score tries to measure it.

A single bottle left in a large, dusty, empty wine rack

Published 3 September 2026 · Reviewed September 2026 · Corkonomics editorial ·

A wine's supply is not what was made but what is left. A 1990 first growth made 200,000 bottles; most have been drunk. A 2020 Burgundy grand cru made 3,000 and almost all survive. Scarcity is the interaction of production, age and demand, and it is why old Bordeaux from a large estate can be scarcer in the market than a young Burgundy from a tiny one.

The consumption curve

Nobody counts the bottles drunk, but the trade's rule of thumb — and the one Corkonomics' scarcity score uses — is a few percent a year through a wine's drinking window, slowing as the survivors move into collectors' cellars. After thirty years, perhaps a fifth to a third of a Bordeaux vintage survives; after fifty, far less.

Two glasses with a last sip of red wine on a table at the end of dinner

Format and provenance

Large formats are rarer per bottle-equivalent and age more slowly; magnums and larger carry a scarcity premium the score recognises. Provenance thins the supply further: of the surviving bottles, only some have a history the market will pay for.

What the score does

Corkonomics' scarcity score starts from estimated production, applies the consumption curve by age, adjusts for format, for how often the wine appears at auction (a wine never seen is scarcer than the count suggests) and for the producer's standing (a scarce wine nobody wants is not scarce in the market sense). The method is published on the methodology page; the score is a description, not a recommendation.

Last reviewed: September 2026Report an error on this page