CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
The numbers
Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
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New to wine? Start with the short lessons, then look up any word you do not know.

Learn · Wine words · Your saved pages

Good years and bad

A vintage is one year’s harvest. Weather makes some years great and some difficult. This chart colours every year in every region, so you can see at a glance which ones to look for.

An autumn vineyard with crates of picked grapes
ExceptionalExcellentVery goodGoodMixedDifficult
YearVineyards of BordeauxBordeauxVineyards of the Côte d'OrBurgundyVineyards of ChampagneChampagneVineyards of the RhôneRhôneVineyards of Napa ValleyNapa ValleyVineyards of TuscanyTuscanyVineyards of the LanghePiedmontVineyards of RiojaRiojaSteep vineyards of the MoselMosel
2025Excellent
2024Mixed
2023Very GoodVery GoodVery Good
2022ExceptionalExcellentVery GoodMixedGoodGood
2021MixedDifficultMixedExcellentExcellentExcellentVery Good
2020ExcellentExcellentVery GoodDifficultVery GoodVery GoodVery Good
2019ExcellentExceptionalVery GoodExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellent
2018ExcellentExcellentVery GoodVery GoodExcellentVery GoodGoodVery Good
2017GoodVery GoodMixedVery GoodMixedGoodGoodVery Good
2016ExceptionalVery GoodGoodExceptionalExcellentExceptionalExceptional
2015ExcellentExceptionalVery GoodExceptionalVery GoodExcellentVery GoodExcellent
2014Very GoodVery GoodGoodMixedExcellentMixedMixed
2013DifficultGoodVery GoodGoodExceptionalVery GoodExcellent
2012GoodVery GoodExcellentVery GoodExcellentGoodGood
2011GoodGoodGoodGoodDifficultVery GoodGoodVery Good
2010ExceptionalExcellentMixedExceptionalGoodVery GoodExceptionalExcellentVery Good
2009ExceptionalExcellentVery GoodVery GoodVery GoodGoodGoodVery GoodExcellent
2008Very GoodVery GoodExceptionalGoodVery GoodVery Good
2007MixedGoodGoodExcellentExcellentVery GoodVery GoodGoodVery Good
2006Very GoodGoodVery GoodVery GoodVery GoodExcellentVery GoodVery Good
2005ExceptionalExceptionalGoodExcellentVery GoodGoodGoodExcellentExcellent
2004GoodMixedVery GoodVery GoodExcellentExcellentExcellent
2003MixedMixedMixedVery GoodGoodMixedMixedGood
2002GoodExcellentExceptionalExcellentDifficultDifficult
2001Very GoodGoodVery GoodExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellent
2000ExcellentGoodGoodVery GoodGoodGoodVery Good
1999GoodExcellentGoodVery GoodVery GoodVery Good
1998Very GoodGoodVery GoodExcellentMixedVery Good
1997MixedGoodExcellentExcellent
1996ExcellentVery GoodVery GoodGood
1995Very GoodVery GoodVery GoodVery GoodVery Good
1994Excellent
1993Good
1992Very Good
1991Excellent
1990ExceptionalVery Good

A blank square means we have no wine on file from that region in that year. Each rating covers the whole region. A single estate can do better or worse.

The story in numbers

RegionYears ratedShare excellent or betterExceptional yearsDifficult years
Bordeaux3241%1990, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2016, 20222013
Burgundy2934%2005, 2015, 20192021
Champagne2114%2002, 2008—
Rhône2330%2010, 2015, 2016—
Napa Valley3438%20132011, 2020
Tuscany2829%20162002
Piedmont2232%2010, 20162002
Rioja667%——
Mosel1533%——