CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
The numbers
Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
Corkonomics
LearnGrapesRegionsWinesNews
Wine basicsThe five types of wineHow to taste wineHow to read a wine labelWine with foodWine words
Learn the economicsThe economics of wine productionThe economics of wine collectingCourses
Regions
BordeauxBurgundyChampagneRhôneNapa ValleyTuscanyPiedmontMoselOregonRiojaCalifornia sparklingValais and LavauxEnglandDouroEtnaMendozaMarlboroughStellenboschBarossa ValleyTasmaniaBeaujolaisJuraAlsaceLoireProvenceRibera del DueroSonoma
What land costsGood years and badAppellationsFamous vineyards
Wines
Famous winesWho makes themFind a vintageCompare wines
PricesWhat a bottle costs to makeWhat vineyard land costsWhat grapes fetchWhat the border addsWhy wine costs what it doesRelease pricesAuction resultsTariffsMarket overviewWine in official statisticsVineyard economicsResearch
MoreAsk the DataAI agentsSavedAPIAbout usMethodologyContact
Dark mode
Language
Currency
Settings
Dark mode
Language
Currency

New to wine? Start with the short lessons, then look up any word you do not know.

Learn · Wine words · Your saved pages

Giacomo Conterno, Barolo Riserva Monfortino 2002

2002 was a difficult year in Piedmont. The weather made life hard for the growers.

Save · All vintages of Giacomo Conterno, Barolo Riserva Monfortino · Compare

The village of Serralunga d'Alba and the Langhe, Italy
Richard Semik · Adobe Stock · Adobe Stock Standard License

What to expect

Wines from years like this are lighter and scarcer, and are generally best drunk early.

9 of the 10 years we cover for this wine were rated higher.

A glass of brick-red wine on an old cask in a brick cellar of very large oak casks
The year
Difficult
Last sold at auction for
$972a bottle · Christie's, Dec 2025
How hard to find
Rare24 years old

Other vintages of this wine

One square for each year. The darker the square, the better the weather was for the grapes. Tap a year to read about it.

2015201420132010200820062005200420022001
ExceptionalExcellentVery goodGoodMixedDifficult

What bottles sell for

At auction, standard bottles of this vintage have sold for between $972 and $1,000 each, across 3 sales since September 2025.

Every sale on record8 lots, each linked to the auction house
$970$980$990$1,0002025-09-262025-12-06USD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-09-26 · $1,000USD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-12-06 · $972USD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-12-06 · $990USD per bottle: lot price ÷ bottles in the lotSale date3 lots of 75 cl bottles sold in USD at Christie's · prices as published by each house
Sale dateHouse and saleFormatLot pricePer bottle
Jun 2026Christie'sThe Opulent Cellar: Online (sale 24463) · Hong Kong · lot 4571 × 150 cl≈$2,071≈$2,071
Dec 2025Christie'sThe Historic Cellar of Jürgen Schwarz: Five Decades of Collecting, Day II (sale 24692) · New York · lot 6516 × 150 cl$10,625$1,771
Dec 2025Christie'sThe Historic Cellar of Jürgen Schwarz: Five Decades of Collecting, Day II (sale 24692) · New York · lot 6506 × 150 cl$11,875$1,979
Dec 2025Christie'sThe Historic Cellar of Jürgen Schwarz: Five Decades of Collecting, Day II (sale 24692) · New York · lot 64912 × 75 cl$11,875$990
Dec 2025Christie'sThe Historic Cellar of Jürgen Schwarz: Five Decades of Collecting, Day II (sale 24692) · New York · lot 6489 × 75 cl$8,750$972
Sep 2025Christie'sThe Glorious Cellar of a European Connoisseur (sale 24214) · New York · lot 10196 × 75 cl$6,000$1,000
Jun 2023Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines & Spirits (sale 21936) · London · lot 6711 × 150 cl≈$2,315≈$2,315
Jun 2023Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines & Spirits (sale 21936) · London · lot 2791 × 75 cl≈$1,074≈$1,074
 Prices are in the currency of each sale. Christie’s and Sotheby’s include the buyer’s fee; Hart Davis Hart shows the price before it.

Filter and browse

What does this wine cost to make?Our estimate: $21–$82 a bottle

We estimate it costs about $21 to $82 to make one bottle of a wine like this. The price in the shop is far higher because the land is scarce, the name is famous, and many hands take a share on the way to you.

Low estimateImputed land cost: $4.91Vineyard operations: $2.38Oak barrels: $0.12Winemaking labour and cellar work: $2.50Cellar aging: $2.56Bottle, closure, label, case and bottling: $3.90Winery overhead: $2.50Financing over the aging period: $2.42$21 per bottleHigh estimateImputed land cost: $27.43Vineyard operations: $5.88Oak barrels: $0.51Winemaking labour and cellar work: $5.00Cellar aging: $7.20Bottle, closure, label, case and bottling: $10.40Winery overhead: $6.00Financing over the aging period: $19.66$82 per bottleImputed land costVineyard operationsOak barrelsWinemaking labour and cellar workCellar agingBottle, closure, label, case and bottlingWinery overheadFinancing over the aging periodUS$ per 75 cl bottle at the winery, before any margin, tax or transport · Corkonomics cost model

See the full breakdown

Last reviewed: September 2026Report an error on this page