CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
The numbers
Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
Corkonomics
LearnGrapesRegionsWinesNews
Wine basicsThe five types of wineHow to taste wineHow to read a wine labelWine with foodWine words
Learn the economicsThe economics of wine productionThe economics of wine collectingCourses
Regions
BordeauxBurgundyChampagneRhôneNapa ValleyTuscanyPiedmontMoselOregonRiojaCalifornia sparklingValais and LavauxEnglandDouroEtnaMendozaMarlboroughStellenboschBarossa ValleyTasmaniaBeaujolaisJuraAlsaceLoireProvenceRibera del DueroSonoma
What land costsGood years and badAppellationsFamous vineyards
Wines
Famous winesWho makes themFind a vintageCompare wines
PricesWhat a bottle costs to makeWhat vineyard land costsWhat grapes fetchWhat the border addsWhy wine costs what it doesRelease pricesAuction resultsTariffsMarket overviewWine in official statisticsVineyard economicsResearch
MoreAsk the DataAI agentsSavedAPIAbout usMethodologyContact
Dark mode
Language
Currency
Settings
Dark mode
Language
Currency

New to wine? Start with the short lessons, then look up any word you do not know.

Learn · Wine words · Your saved pages

Harlan Estate, Napa Valley proprietary red 1998

1998 was a mixed year in Napa Valley. Some estates did well and others struggled.

Save · All vintages of Harlan Estate, Napa Valley proprietary red · Compare

Vineyard in Oakville, Napa Valley
Marco · Adobe Stock · Adobe Stock Standard License

What to expect

Quality varied from estate to estate, so the name on the label matters more than usual.

24 of the 29 years we cover for this wine were rated higher.

A glass of dark red wine on a winery terrace above vineyards and golden hills at sunset
The year
Mixed
Last sold at auction for
$792a bottle · Christie's, Dec 2025
How hard to find
Rare28 years old

Other vintages of this wine

One square for each year. The darker the square, the better the weather was for the grapes. Tap a year to read about it.

20232022202120202019201820172016201520142013201220112010200920082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995
ExceptionalExcellentVery goodGoodMixedDifficult

What bottles sell for

At auction, standard bottles of this vintage have sold for between $792 and $938 each, across 5 sales since June 2022.

Every sale on record8 lots, each linked to the auction house
$750$800$850$900$950202320242025USD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-06-15 · $792USD per 75 cl bottle · 2023-09-13 · $875USD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-02-26 · $792USD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-05 · $938USD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-12-06 · $792USD per bottle: lot price ÷ bottles in the lotSale date5 lots of 75 cl bottles sold in USD at Christie's · prices as published by each house
Sale dateHouse and saleFormatLot pricePer bottle
Sep 2026Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online: London Edition (sale 24534) · London · lot 1315 × 75 cl≈$4,299≈$860
Dec 2025Christie'sThe Historic Cellar of Jürgen Schwarz: Five Decades of Collecting, Day II (sale 24692) · New York · lot 7856 × 75 cl$4,750$792
Nov 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online Featuring The Sierra Cellar (sale 23961) · Los Angeles · lot 6101 × 150 cl$2,375$2,375
Nov 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online Featuring The Sierra Cellar (sale 23961) · Los Angeles · lot 6092 × 75 cl$1,875$938
Feb 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: LA Edition (sale 23748) · Los Angeles · lot 4513 × 75 cl$2,375$792
Nov 2023Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online: Festive Edition (sale 22117) · Hong Kong · lot 4761 × 75 cl≈$956≈$956
Sep 2023Christie'sCalifornia Only Online: Featuring A Private Library Collection of Screaming Eagle and Other Napa Classics (sale 22848) · Los Angeles · lot 921 × 75 cl$875$875
Jun 2022Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Featuring the Exceptional Collection of Danny and Donna Arnold (sale 20968) · Los Angeles · lot 4383 × 75 cl$2,375$792
 Prices are in the currency of each sale. Christie’s and Sotheby’s include the buyer’s fee; Hart Davis Hart shows the price before it.

Filter and browse

What does this wine cost to make?Our estimate: $26–$80 a bottle

We estimate it costs about $26 to $80 to make one bottle of a wine like this. The price in the shop is far higher because the land is scarce, the name is famous, and many hands take a share on the way to you.

Low estimateImputed land cost: $3.82Vineyard operations: $5.79Oak barrels: $0.69Winemaking labour and cellar work: $3.00Cellar aging: $1.28Bottle, closure, label, case and bottling: $5.40Winery overhead: $4.00Financing over the aging period: $1.53$26 per bottleHigh estimateImputed land cost: $16.44Vineyard operations: $18.46Oak barrels: $1.67Winemaking labour and cellar work: $6.00Cellar aging: $3.20Bottle, closure, label, case and bottling: $14.40Winery overhead: $10.00Financing over the aging period: $9.82$80 per bottleImputed land costVineyard operationsOak barrelsWinemaking labour and cellar workCellar agingBottle, closure, label, case and bottlingWinery overheadFinancing over the aging periodUS$ per 75 cl bottle at the winery, before any margin, tax or transport · Corkonomics cost model

See the full breakdown

Last reviewed: September 2026Report an error on this page