CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
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Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
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Petrus 1990

1990 was an exceptional year in Bordeaux: about as good as it gets.

Save · All vintages of Petrus · Compare

Petrus, Pomerol
Giogo · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0

What to expect

Expect a rich, complete wine that can keep improving for decades.

No year of this wine is rated higher. It shares the top mark with 5 others out of the 30 we cover.

A glass of deep red wine and a bowl of plums on a kitchen table, with old vines outside the window
The year
Exceptional
Last sold at auction for
≈$3,504a bottle · Christie's, Jun 2026
How hard to find
Rare36 years old

Other vintages of this wine

One square for each year. The darker the square, the better the weather was for the grapes. Tap a year to read about it.

202320222021202020192018201720162015201420132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000199919981997199619951994
ExceptionalExcellentVery goodGoodMixedDifficult

What bottles sell for

At auction, standard bottles of this vintage have sold for between ≈$2,920 and ≈$7,301 each, across 55 sales since June 2021.

Every sale on record80 lots, each linked to the auction house
$2,000$4,000$6,000$8,00020222023202420252026HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2021-06-07 · $3,823HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-04-12 · $7,301HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-04-13 · $4,646HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-04-13 · $5,044HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-05-20 · $5,044HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-05-22 · $4,646HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-09-19 · $4,513HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-11-24 · $4,248HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-11-24 · $4,646HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-11-24 · $4,646HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2022-11-24 · $4,646HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2023-03-22 · $3,982HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2023-05-23 · $3,823HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2023-10-03 · $4,141HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2023-11-23 · $3,584HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2023-12-06 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2024-10-25 · $2,920HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2024-10-25 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2024-12-04 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-04-23 · $3,982HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-05-21 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-05-21 · $3,504HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-05-21 · $3,982HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-05-21 · $4,248HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-05-21 · $4,248HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-05-21 · $4,248HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-05-21 · $4,248HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-07-28 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-07-28 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-10-26 · $3,026HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-10-26 · $3,823HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,186HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,186HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,186HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,186HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,186HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,186HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,186HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,451HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,475HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2025-11-20 · $3,584HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-03-16 · $3,186HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $3,540HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $3,717HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $3,982HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $3,982HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $3,982HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $4,141HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $4,380HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $4,646HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-05-21 · $5,044HKD per 75 cl bottle · 2026-06-22 · $3,504USD per bottle: lot price ÷ bottles in the lotSale date55 lots of 75 cl bottles sold in USD at Christie's · prices as published by each house · ≈ converted to USD at the 9 Oct 2026 rate
Sale dateHouse and saleFormatLot pricePer bottle
Jun 2026Christie'sThe Opulent Cellar: Online (sale 24463) · Hong Kong · lot 1051 × 75 cl≈$3,504≈$3,504
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 504212 × 75 cl≈$47,785≈$3,982
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 504112 × 75 cl≈$47,785≈$3,982
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 504012 × 75 cl≈$47,785≈$3,982
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 503912 × 75 cl≈$55,750≈$4,646
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 503812 × 75 cl≈$44,600≈$3,717
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 50379 × 75 cl≈$31,857≈$3,540
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 50365 × 75 cl≈$20,707≈$4,141
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 50354 × 75 cl≈$17,521≈$4,380
May 2026Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART V THE FINAL PART (sale 24462) · Hong Kong · lot 50343 × 75 cl≈$15,132≈$5,044
May 2026Christie'sFinal Treasures from the Wine Cellar of Andrew Lloyd Webber (sale 24806) · London · lot 12411 × 75 cl≈$36,380≈$3,307
Apr 2026Christie'sFine and Rare Wines and Spirits, Featuring Property from the Cellars of King's College, Cambridge (sale 24533) · London · lot 3931 × 75 cl≈$3,969≈$3,969
Mar 2026Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online: Hong Kong Edition (sale 24459) · Hong Kong · lot 4832 × 75 cl≈$6,371≈$3,186
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50621 × 300 cl≈$18,318≈$18,318
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 506112 × 75 cl≈$41,414≈$3,451
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 506012 × 75 cl≈$38,228≈$3,186
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 505912 × 75 cl≈$38,228≈$3,186
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 505811 × 75 cl≈$38,228≈$3,475
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 505710 × 75 cl≈$31,857≈$3,186
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50567 × 75 cl≈$22,300≈$3,186
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50556 × 75 cl≈$19,114≈$3,186
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50546 × 75 cl≈$19,114≈$3,186
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50536 × 75 cl≈$20,707≈$3,451
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50523 × 75 cl≈$10,353≈$3,451
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50513 × 75 cl≈$9,557≈$3,186
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50503 × 75 cl≈$10,353≈$3,451
Nov 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART IV (sale 23981) · Hong Kong · lot 50492 × 75 cl≈$7,168≈$3,584
Nov 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online Featuring The Sierra Cellar (sale 23961) · Los Angeles · lot 712 × 75 cl$7,500$3,750
Oct 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online: Hong Kong Edition (sale 23826) · Hong Kong · lot 4121 × 75 cl≈$3,026≈$3,026
Oct 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online: Hong Kong Edition (sale 23826) · Hong Kong · lot 4410 × 75 cl≈$38,228≈$3,823
Jul 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Hong Kong Edition Featuring The Cellar of a Meticulous Wine Lover Part II (sale 23908) · Hong Kong · lot 68612 × 75 cl≈$41,414≈$3,451
Jul 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Hong Kong Edition Featuring The Cellar of a Meticulous Wine Lover Part II (sale 23908) · Hong Kong · lot 68512 × 75 cl≈$41,414≈$3,451
Jun 2025Christie'sThe Cellar of William I. Koch: The Great American Collector Day III (sale 24202) · New York · lot 11156 × 150 cl$47,500$7,917
Jun 2025Christie'sThe Cellar of William I. Koch: The Great American Collector Day III (sale 24202) · New York · lot 11144 × 150 cl$43,750$10,938
Jun 2025Christie'sThe Cellar of William I. Koch: The Great American Collector Day III (sale 24202) · New York · lot 11136 × 75 cl$30,000$5,000
Jun 2025Christie'sThe Cellar of William I. Koch: The Great American Collector Day III (sale 24202) · New York · lot 11126 × 75 cl$22,500$3,750
May 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART III (sale 23980) · Hong Kong · lot 5712 × 75 cl≈$50,971≈$4,248
May 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART III (sale 23980) · Hong Kong · lot 5612 × 75 cl≈$47,785≈$3,982
May 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART III (sale 23980) · Hong Kong · lot 5512 × 75 cl≈$50,971≈$4,248
May 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART III (sale 23980) · Hong Kong · lot 5412 × 75 cl≈$41,414≈$3,451
May 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART III (sale 23980) · Hong Kong · lot 5312 × 75 cl≈$50,971≈$4,248
May 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART III (sale 23980) · Hong Kong · lot 5212 × 75 cl≈$50,971≈$4,248
May 2025Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART III (sale 23980) · Hong Kong · lot 5110 × 75 cl≈$35,043≈$3,504
Apr 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Hong Kong Edition (sale 23907) · Hong Kong · lot 426 × 75 cl≈$23,893≈$3,982
Feb 2025Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: LA Edition (sale 23748) · Los Angeles · lot 1124 × 75 cl$15,000$3,750
Dec 2024Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online, Featuring Ancient Cognac and Part II of The Historical Vintage Port from the Cellars of Raby Castle (sale 23900) · London · lot 4792 × 75 cl≈$6,284≈$3,142
Dec 2024Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines & Spirits: Featuring A Superb Family Collection from North America (sale 23191) · Hong Kong · lot 716 × 75 cl≈$20,707≈$3,451
Oct 2024Christie'sA Life Well Lived: The Remarkable Cellar of Melina and Dr N.K. Yong (sale 23199) · Hong Kong · lot 51963 × 75 cl≈$8,761≈$2,920
Oct 2024Christie'sA Life Well Lived: The Remarkable Cellar of Melina and Dr N.K. Yong (sale 23199) · Hong Kong · lot 51956 × 75 cl≈$20,707≈$3,451
Jun 2024Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Featuring The Landmark Cellar (sale 23089) · Los Angeles · lot 521 × 75 cl$3,500$3,500
Jun 2024Christie'sA Legacy Preserved: The Last Treasures of The Avery Collection (sale 23060) · London · lot 31412 × 75 cl≈$49,609≈$4,134
Apr 2024Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Featuring a Superlative Collection of Grand Cru Burgundy (sale 23030) · London · lot 2311 × 75 cl≈$3,638≈$3,638
Apr 2024Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Featuring a Superlative Collection of Grand Cru Burgundy (sale 23030) · London · lot 1951 × 150 cl≈$9,095≈$9,095
Apr 2024Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Featuring Exceptional Madeira Collections (sale 23087) · Los Angeles · lot 1066 × 75 cl$21,250$3,542
Feb 2024Christie'sBordeaux Classics: The Masterpiece Collection (sale 23255) · Los Angeles · lot 2033 × 75 cl$11,875$3,958
Dec 2023Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online: Featuring Rarities from the Cellar of a British Writer (sale 23317) · Hong Kong · lot 3533 × 75 cl≈$10,353≈$3,451
Nov 2023Christie'sThe Dr A. Botenga Cellar: Six Decades of Collecting Part I (sale 22122) · Hong Kong · lot 54574 × 75 cl≈$14,336≈$3,584
Oct 2023Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Featuring Two Superlative Collections (sale 22105) · Los Angeles · lot 1305 × 75 cl$17,500$3,500
Oct 2023Christie'sAn All-Encompassing Cellar: Online (sale 22115) · Hong Kong · lot 1591 × 75 cl≈$4,141≈$4,141
May 2023Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines: Featuring Four Stunning Cellars & Library Vintages Direct From Château Léoville Poyferré (sale 22120) · Hong Kong · lot 529710 × 75 cl≈$38,228≈$3,823
Apr 2023Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines & Spirits (sale 21934) · London · lot 1791 × 75 cl≈$4,299≈$4,299
Mar 2023Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online: Hong Kong Edition (sale 22112) · Hong Kong · lot 2633 × 75 cl≈$11,946≈$3,982
Dec 2022Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines & Spirits: Featuring Exceptional Anniversary Offerings from Ridge Vineyards and Champagne Philipponnat (sale 21096) · London · lot 6653 × 75 cl≈$13,229≈$4,410
Nov 2022Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART II (sale 22019) · Hong Kong · lot 50396 × 150 cl≈$55,750≈$9,292
Nov 2022Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART II (sale 22019) · Hong Kong · lot 503812 × 75 cl≈$55,750≈$4,646
Nov 2022Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART II (sale 22019) · Hong Kong · lot 503712 × 75 cl≈$50,971≈$4,248
Nov 2022Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART II (sale 22019) · Hong Kong · lot 503612 × 75 cl≈$55,750≈$4,646
Nov 2022Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU PART II (sale 22019) · Hong Kong · lot 503512 × 75 cl≈$55,750≈$4,646
Sep 2022Christie'sFine and Rare Wines Online: Hong Kong Edition (sale 21209) · Hong Kong · lot 2656 × 75 cl≈$27,078≈$4,513
May 2022Christie'sFine and Rare Wines & Spirits Online: The Geneva Edit (sale 20939) · Geneva · lot 4322 × 75 cl≈$12,037≈$6,018
May 2022Christie'sThe Ultimate Private Collection Featuring The Greatest Burgundies Part II (sale 21086) · Hong Kong · lot 679812 × 75 cl≈$55,750≈$4,646
May 2022Christie'sTHE VISIONARY'S SPECTACULAR CELLAR (sale 21212) · Hong Kong · lot 52216 × 75 cl≈$30,264≈$5,044
Apr 2022Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines (sale 21493) · Hong Kong · lot 35912 × 75 cl≈$60,528≈$5,044
Apr 2022Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines (sale 21493) · Hong Kong · lot 35812 × 75 cl≈$55,750≈$4,646
Apr 2022Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU (sale 21211) · Hong Kong · lot 196 × 150 cl≈$79,642≈$13,274
Apr 2022Christie'sICONIC WINES FROM JOSEPH LAU (sale 21211) · Hong Kong · lot 1812 × 75 cl≈$87,606≈$7,301
Mar 2022Christie'sFinest & Rarest Wines Including a Collaboration with Grapes for Humanity Global Charity Foundation (sale 20967) · Los Angeles · lot 1201 × 150 cl$9,375$9,375
Nov 2021Christie'sFine and Rare Wines and Spirits (sale 20042) · Geneva · lot 3351 × 75 cl≈$7,372≈$7,372
Jun 2021Christie'sFinest and Rarest Wines and Spirits (sale 19857) · Hong Kong · lot 801 × 75 cl≈$3,823≈$3,823
May 2021Christie'sFine and Rare Wines (sale 20026) · Geneva · lot 1641 × 75 cl≈$4,129≈$4,129
 Prices are in the currency of each sale. Christie’s and Sotheby’s include the buyer’s fee; Hart Davis Hart shows the price before it.

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What does this wine cost to make?Our estimate: $29–$101 a bottle

We estimate it costs about $29 to $101 to make one bottle of a wine like this. The price in the shop is far higher because the land is scarce, the name is famous, and many hands take a share on the way to you.

Low estimateImputed land cost: $9.11Vineyard operations: $3.87Oak barrels: $0.50Winemaking labour and cellar work: $3.00Cellar aging: $1.12Bottle, closure, label, case and bottling: $4.90Winery overhead: $5.00Financing over the aging period: $1.54$29 per bottleHigh estimateImputed land cost: $43.88Vineyard operations: $10.24Oak barrels: $1.61Winemaking labour and cellar work: $6.00Cellar aging: $2.72Bottle, closure, label, case and bottling: $13.40Winery overhead: $12.00Financing over the aging period: $10.69$101 per bottleImputed land costVineyard operationsOak barrelsWinemaking labour and cellar workCellar agingBottle, closure, label, case and bottlingWinery overheadFinancing over the aging periodUS$ per 75 cl bottle at the winery, before any margin, tax or transport · Corkonomics cost model

See the full breakdown

Last reviewed: September 2026Report an error on this page