Napa Valley vs Bordeaux — vineyard economics

	Napa Valley	Bordeaux
Vineyard land, Margaux 토지	—	900,000–2,000,000 EUR/ha 2024 · SAFER 2024
Vineyard land, Pauillac 토지	—	1,700,000–4,000,000 EUR/ha 2024 · SAFER 2024
Vineyard land, Pomerol 토지	—	1,500,000–3,000,000 EUR/ha 2023 · SAFER
Vineyard land, Saint-Émilion 토지	—	150,000–2,500,000 EUR/ha 2024 · SAFER 2024
Vineyard land, generic Bordeaux AOC 토지	—	4,000–14,000 EUR/ha 2024 · SAFER 2024
Vineyard land, prime Napa Valley (Oakville, Rutherford, St Helena benchland) 토지	300,000–500,000 USD/acre 2025 · Trade press and broker reports	—
Vineyard land, prime Napa Valley, per hectare 토지	741,000–1,236,000 USD/ha 2025 · Corkonomics estimate from the inputs o…	—
Vineyard land, secondary Napa Valley sites 토지	120,000–340,000 USD/acre 2025 · Trade press and broker reports	—
All varieties, District 4 (Napa) weighted average 포도	6,939 USD/ton 2024 · California Grape Crush Report 2024	—
Bulk red Bordeaux AOC, per tonneau of 900 litres 포도	—	793–1,000 EUR/tonneau 2025 · CIVB bulk-wine prices for the 2025–26 …
Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, Napa County average 포도	8,700–9,146 USD/ton 2024 · Napa County Agricultural Crop Report 2…	—
Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, Napa County, 2025 crush 포도	8,864–9,002 USD/ton 2025 · California Grape Crush Report 2025	—
Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, per kilogram 포도	10–10 USD/kg 2024 · Corkonomics estimate from the inputs o…	—
Gross grape value per bearing acre 수율	22,400 USD/acre 2024 · Napa County Agricultural Crop Report 2…	—
Yield at classified growths 수율	—	30–45 hl/ha 2024 · Estate technical sheets and appellatio…
Yield, Napa Cabernet 수율	2–4 tons/acre 2024 · Napa County Agricultural Crop Report 2…	—
Yield, Napa Cabernet, in hl/ha 수율	30–52 hl/ha 2024 · Corkonomics estimate from the inputs o…	—
Farming cost, premium/cult estate 노동	12,000–25,000 USD/acre/year 2024 · Estate interviews reported in the trad…	—
Hand harvest 노동	1,500–3,000 USD/acre 2024 · UC Davis / UC Cooperative Extension	2,500–5,000 EUR/ha 2024 · Trade reporting on Médoc harvest labou…
Operating cost, established Cabernet vineyard (hand-harvested) 노동	5,500–8,500 USD/acre/year 2020 · UC Davis / UC Cooperative Extension	—
Vineyard labour and operations, classified growth 노동	—	15,000–30,000 EUR/ha/year 2024 · Estate interviews and CIVB cost survey…
New French oak barrel (225 l) 배럴	1,000–1,500 USD/barrel 2025 · Cooperage price lists and trade report…	—
New French oak barrique (225 l) 배럴	—	800–1,300 EUR/barrel 2025 · Cooperage price lists and trade report…
Barrel aging before bottling 셀러 숙성	—	16–22 months 2024 · Estate technical sheets
Barrel aging, cult Cabernet 셀러 숙성	18–24 months 2024 · Estate technical notes	—
Bottle, cork, capsule, label, case 병, 마개, 라벨, 케이스	4–10 USD/bottle 2025 · Supplier price lists	3–8 EUR/bottle 2025 · Supplier price lists
Mobile or in-house bottling 병입	0–1 USD/bottle 2025 · Mobile bottling line quotes	—
Vineyard establishment (years 1–3, excluding land) 와이너리 건설	45,000–60,000 USD/acre 2020 · UC Davis / UC Cooperative Extension	—
Winery construction 와이너리 건설	5,000,000–30,000,000 USD 2024 · Trade reporting on Napa winery project…	—
Distributor + retailer margin (three-tier) 유통 마진	60–100 % on winery price 2024 · Distributor ≈ 25–30%	—
Importer + retailer margin 유통 마진	—	25–60 % on cost 2024 · Merchant price lists vs release prices
Négociant margin on the Place de Bordeaux 유통 마진	—	10–20 % of ex-château price 2024 · Trade reporting on the Place de Bordea…
병당 추정 생산 원가	Napa cult Cabernet: $26–$80 Napa premium Cabernet (purchased fruit): $14–$43	Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th): $17–$61 Bordeaux first growth: $28–$95 Pomerol micro-estate (Merlot): $29–$101