CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
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Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
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Pessac-Léognan

The Graves' top appellation, created in 1987 around Haut-Brion — the only first growth outside the Médoc.

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Pessac-Léognan
Henry Salomé · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0

About 1,800 hectares south of the city of Bordeaux, producing red and dry white. Haut-Brion and La Mission Haut-Brion sit inside the city's suburbs, which is why their land has no meaningful agricultural comparable.

The essentials

Economics in brief

About 1,800 hectares south of the city of Bordeaux, producing red and dry white. Haut-Brion and La Mission Haut-Brion sit inside the city's suburbs, which is why their land has no meaningful agricultural comparable.

Key facts

Area
≈ 1,800 haCIVB
Created
1987

The numbers, for the curious

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InputLowMidHighUnitSource
Barrel aging before bottling2024 161922monthsEstate technical sheets
New French oak barrique (225 l)2025 8001,0501,300EUR/barrelCooperage price lists and trade report…
Importer + retailer margin2024 254260% on costMerchant price lists vs release prices
Négociant margin on the Place de Bordeaux2024 101520% of ex-château priceTrade reporting on the Place de Bordea…
Bulk red Bordeaux AOC, per tonneau of 900 litres2025 7939431,000EUR/tonneauCIVB bulk-wine prices for the 2025–26 …
Hand harvest2024 2,5003,7505,000EUR/haTrade reporting on Médoc harvest labou…
Vineyard labour and operations, classified growth2024 15,00022,50030,000EUR/ha/yearEstate interviews and CIVB cost survey…
Vineyard land, generic Bordeaux AOC2024 4,0008,00014,000EUR/haSAFER 2024
Bottle, cork, capsule, label, case2025 368EUR/bottleSupplier price lists
Yield at classified growths2024 303845hl/haEstate technical sheets and appellatio…

Where the inputs come from

  1. Estate technical sheets (first growths 18–22 months)
  2. Cooperage price lists and trade reporting (Wine Industry Network, Wines & Vines), 2024–2025
  3. Merchant price lists vs release prices
  4. Trade reporting on the Place de Bordeaux (Liv-ex, Decanter)
  5. CIVB bulk-wine prices for the 2025–26 campaign, as reported by Vitisphere, 19 November 2025
  6. Trade reporting on Médoc harvest labour
  7. Estate interviews and CIVB cost surveys as reported in the trade press
  8. SAFER / FNSAFER, Le prix des terres 2024 — the official 2024 vineyard-value table (Décision du 26 août 2025, from SAFER data) as reproduced by Fidecorex, 10 February 2026
  9. Supplier price lists; heavy glass and wooden cases at the top
  10. Estate technical sheets and appellation maxima (Pauillac AOC max 57 hl/ha)

Producers

Vineyard landscape in Pessac-Léognan, Graves, BordeauxProducerChâteau Haut-BrionThe oldest name in fine wine (Pepys, 1663) and the only 1855 first growth outside the Médoc, on about 51…

Famous wines

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Vineyard landscape in Pessac-Léognan, Graves, BordeauxChâteau Haut-BrionBordeaux
Pessac-Léognan
Entrance of the Château la Mission Haut-Brion in Pessac ( Gironde , France ) Henry Salomé · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0
Pessac-Léognan
Château la Mission Haut-Brion in Pessac ( Gironde , France ) Henry Salomé · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0
The regionBordeauxThe home of the classic red blend.About the region

Sources

  1. Appellation fact sheets, CIVB / INAO, 2025. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
Last reviewed: September 2026Report an error on this page

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