CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
The numbers
Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
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What land costs in Napa Valley

California's home of rich, ripe Cabernet Sauvignon.

About Napa Valley · All regions

Vineyards in Napa Valley

The dearest land here is Prime Napa benchland: $300,000–$500,000 an acre (2025). The cheapest is Napa Valley, other sites, at $120,000–$340,000 an acre.

Zone by zone

  1. $300,000–$500,000an acre · 2025

    The benchland of Oakville, Rutherford and St Helena on the valley's west side: well-drained gravel and loam, warm days, cool nights, and the names behind the most sought-after Cabernets.

  2. Napa Valley, other sites
    $120,000–$340,000an acre · 2025

    Valley-floor and outlying sites: good land without the famous benchland names.

Bars are drawn against the dearest zone here, on a rough rate of one dollar to 0.9 euros and 2.47 acres to the hectare.

What the land adds to a bottle

What a bottle costs to make →

If the vineyard were sold and the money put in the bank, this is what it would earn each year, spread over the bottles the land produces. It is the biggest line in the cost of a famous wine.

The bar is the land’s share of the whole cost of making the bottle, at the high end of each estimate.

The regionNapa ValleyCalifornia's home of rich, ripe Cabernet Sauvignon.About the region

Sources

  1. Trade press and broker reports (Vintroux, Wine Business, Braun & Co.), 2024–2025, 2025.

Other regions

BordeauxBurgundyChampagneRhôneTuscanyPiedmontMoselOregonRiojaCalifornia sparklingValais and LavauxEnglandEtnaMendozaMarlboroughStellenboschBarossa ValleyTasmaniaBeaujolaisJuraAlsaceLoireProvenceRibera del DueroSonoma