CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
The numbers
Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
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Mosel

Featherlight Riesling from dizzyingly steep slopes.

Germany · Save

Vineyards in Mosel

Mosel in a minute

The grapes
Riesling
What it tastes like
Lime, green apple and peach, with low alcohol and a mouth-watering finish.
The grapes grown here

Good to know

The vineyards cling to slate hillsides above the river, some too steep for machines. Wines range from bone dry to very sweet.

On the label

Look for Trocken if you want dry. Kabinett, Spätlese and Auslese mean the grapes were picked riper and riper, and the wines are often sweeter.

What the land costs

The dearest vineyards here are in Mosel, top steep sites: ≈$167,895–≈$447,720 a hectare (2024). Zone by zone

A bunch of golden-green grapes on a steep slope of broken slate above a river
Riesling on steep slate above the river. The dark stone holds the warmth of the day, and the slope faces the sun.
The business side

The Mosel is about 8,700 hectares, much of it on slopes too steep for machinery. Its collectible tier is tiny — the Auslese, Beerenauslese and Trockenbeerenauslese of Egon Müller, J.J. Prüm, Fritz Haag and a few others — and production of the top wines is measured in hundreds of half-bottles. Labour cost per hectare is the highest of any region on this site.

Economics in brief

The Deutsches Weininstitut reports that steep-slope viticulture costs several times flat-land viticulture per hectare; many marginal sites have been abandoned since the 1980s while the great sites (Scharzhofberg, Wehlener Sonnenuhr, Brauneberger Juffer Sonnenuhr) have appreciated. At the top, a Trockenbeerenauslese from Egon Müller can be the most expensive white wine sold at auction in a given year, from a production of a few hundred bottles.

Facts and figures

Vineyard area
≈ 8,700 haDeutsches Weininstitut
Steep-slope share
≈ 40% of the region on slopes over 30%Deutsches Weininstitut
Steep vineyards of the Mosel
A-Rosa Silva river cruise on the Moselle, Bernkastel-Kues, 2025 DimiTalen · Wikimedia Commons · CC0
Steep vineyards of the Mosel
Bernkastel-Kues, view across the Moselle to the tower of the Saont Michael… Dguendel · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 3.0
Steep vineyards of the Mosel
Bernkastel-Kues, view across the Moselle to the village Graach-Schäferei Dguendel · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 3.0

Good years and bad

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YearHow the year was ratedThe growing season
2022Good
2021Very Good
2020Very Good
2019Excellent
2018Very Good
2017Very Good
2015Excellent
2011Very Good
2010Very Good
2009Excellent
2007Very Good
2006Very Good
2005Excellent
2003Good
2001Excellent

Who makes the famous wines here

All producers →

Famous wines from here

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Appellations

What a bottle costs to make here

All models →
The numbers behind the region: land, grapes, yields and costs

Compare regions

InputRangeUnitYearSource
Land — what a hectare of vineyard sells for
Vineyard land, Mosel average15,000–60,000EUR/ha2024Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfal…
Vineyard land, Mosel top steep sites150,000–400,000EUR/ha2024Deutsches Weininstitut
Grapes — what growers are paid
Riesling must, Mosel, per litreQuality-wine Riesling must €1.00 a litre in mid-October 2024; Weißburgunder €1.20, Grau-…1EUR/litre2024Moselwein e.V.
Labour — farming and harvest
Vineyard labour, steep slate slopes20,000–40,000EUR/ha/year2024Deutsches Weininstitut: steep-slope vi…

Where the inputs come from

  1. Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz, Kaufwerte für Weinbauland
  2. Deutsches Weininstitut; trade reporting on Bernkastel/Wehlen transactions
  3. Moselwein e.V., autumn press conference, October 2024 (must prices in mid-October)
  4. Deutsches Weininstitut: steep-slope viticulture several times flat-land cost; 1,500+ hours/ha reported

Sources

  1. Weinanbaugebiet Mosel — Zahlen, Deutsches Weininstitut, 2025. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
Last reviewed: September 2026Report an error on this page