Rioja gran reserva

• 陈年期间占用的资金$2–$19
• 在酒窖中陈年$4–$13
• 瓶子、瓶塞、标签与外箱$3–$9
• 酒庄的运营$2–$4
• 酿造葡萄酒$2–$3
• 一整年的葡萄园农事$1–$3
• 葡萄生长的土地$0–$1
• 橡木桶$0–$1

The cost of one bottle, at the winery door. Our models are built in US dollars and shown in your chosen currency. The shop price comes later, after the merchant, the importer, the shop and the taxman have each added their share.

只购买葡萄而不拥有土地的酒庄，其成本将为 $14–$52 一瓶。

• 这里没有更多的土地。 一块著名葡萄园无论多少人想要，面积都不可能再扩大。
• 名称。 数十年积累的声誉，买家愿意为此买单。
• 时间。 买老年份酒，你是在为别人帮你储存这些年付费。
• 其余所有价位。 商人、进口商和零售商各自加上一层利润。
• 买家多，酒少。 每年产量固定，全世界的人都想要。

数据来源说明

我们介绍的酒庄： Tempranillo from the classic Rioja Alta bodegas: cheap land and grapes, five-plus years of aging, working capital the dominant cost.

什么	低	高	单位	来源
Bottling	0.40	0.90	USD/bottle	Bottling line quotes
Case and packaging	1.00	3.50	USD/bottle	Supplier price lists
Aging before release	5.00	8.00	years	Consejo Regulador: ≥ 60 months
Uses per barrel before sale	4.00	8.00	uses	Corkonomics assumption
Yield	40	60	hl/ha	Consejo Regulador yield caps
New French oak barrel	700	1,100	USD/barrel	Cooperage price lists 2025
Evaporation, topping and losses	0.03	0.06	share	Corkonomics assumption
Share of new oak	0.20	0.50	share	Producer technical notes
Financing over the aging period	0.04	0.07	rate	Corkonomics assumption
Cost of capital applied to land	0.03	0.05	rate	Corkonomics assumption
Bottle, closure, capsule, label	2.00	5.00	USD/bottle	Supplier price lists
Vineyard land value (imputed at a cost of capital, not purchased)	44,000	132,000	USD/ha	Ministerio de Agricultura land survey
Grape price (purchased-fruit route)	0.90	1.80	USD/kg	Gobierno de La Rioja grape price repor…
Vineyard farming cost	6,000	12,000	USD/ha/year	Regional cost references
Hand harvest and sorting	1,500	3,000	USD/ha	Regional cost references
Winery overhead (staff, insurance, compliance, depreciation)	1.50	4.00	USD/bottle	Corkonomics assumption
Cellar space, topping, monitoring	0.80	1.60	USD/bottle/year	Corkonomics assumption
Winemaking and cellar labour	1.50	3.00	USD/bottle	Corkonomics assumption