CorkonomicsThe economics of wine production, collection, and vineyards
The numbers
Vineyard land · Pauillac≈$2,798,250 a hectare▼ down 17% on 20232024Opening price · Château Lafite Rothschild 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 17% on the year beforeSold at auction · Romanée-Conti Grand Cru, DRC 2019$22,917 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Burgundy grand cru (Pinot Noir)$48–283US duty on wine from · Canada+50%since Aug 2026Everyday bottle in a US shop$13.77 a litre▼ down 1.3% in a yearSep 2026Vineyard land · Margaux≈$1,567,020 a hectare▼ down 7% on 20232024Opening price · Château Cheval Blanc 2025≈$376 a bottle▲ up 22% on the year beforeSold at auction · La Tâche Grand Cru, DRC 2018$5,417 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Champagne prestige cuvée$26–89US duty on wine from · Australia+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte-Rôtie≈$1,511,055 a hectare▲ up 8% on 20232024Opening price · Château Mouton Rothschild 2025≈$336 a bottle▲ up 19% on the year beforeSold at auction · Richebourg Grand Cru, DRC 2012$3,542 a bottleSotheby's, Sep 2026Cost to make one bottle · Bordeaux classified growth (2nd–5th)$17–61US duty on wine from · New Zealand+12.5%since Jul 2026Vineyard land · Côte de Nuits grand cru≈$7,275,450 a hectare2019Opening price · Château Palmer 2025≈$268 a bottle▼ down 19% on the year beforeVineyard land · Pomerol≈$2,238,600 a hectare2023
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Who makes the famous wines

The estates and houses behind the bottles people talk about: where they are, how much they make and who owns them. Listed by region, not ranked.

A grower holding freshly picked grapes over a harvest crate

Bordeaux

About the region →
Vineyards (Premier Grand Cru Classé A) near Château Cheval Blanc, Saint-Émilion, FranceProducerChâteau Cheval BlancSaint-Émilion's Cabernet Franc first growth, owned by LVMH and the Frère family, on 39 hectares beside the…Vineyard landscape in Pessac-Léognan, Graves, BordeauxProducerChâteau Haut-BrionThe oldest name in fine wine (Pepys, 1663) and the only 1855 first growth outside the Médoc, on about 51…Château Lafite Rothschild, BordeauxProducerChâteau Lafite RothschildThe Rothschild first growth of Pauillac: about 112 hectares of vines, roughly 16,000–20,000 cases of grand…Château LatourProducerChâteau LatourThe first growth that left en primeur: since the 2011 vintage Latour has released only when it judges the…Château Lynch-BagesProducerChâteau Lynch-BagesA fifth growth with a first-growth following, 100 hectares in Pauillac, owned by the Cazes family.Château Margaux in Bordeaux, FranceProducerChâteau MargauxThe first growth of Margaux: about 82 hectares of red vines and 12 of white, owned by the Mentzelopoulos…Château Mouton RothschildProducerChâteau Mouton RothschildPromoted to first growth in 1973 — the only change ever made to the 1855 classification — and the largest…Château Palmer, MargauxProducerChâteau PalmerA third growth that trades like a first: 66 hectares in Margaux, biodynamic since 2014, owned by the Sichel…Château d'YquemProducerChâteau d'YquemThe only Premier Cru Supérieur of 1855: 113 hectares in Sauternes, LVMH-owned, making one glass of wine per…Petrus, PomerolProducerPetrusEleven and a half hectares of Merlot on Pomerol's clay button, about 30,000 bottles a year, and the most…
Bordeaux: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
Château Cheval BlancSaint EmilionUnclassified since withdrawing from the 2022 Saint-Émilion classification (formerly Premier Grand Cru Classé A) 39.0 ha — LVMH (Arnault) and Frère family1
Château Haut-BrionPessac LeognanPremier Grand Cru Classé, 1855 51.0 ha — Domaine Clarence Dillon1
Château Lafite RothschildPauillacPremier Grand Cru Classé, 1855 112 ha — Domaines Barons de Rothschild (Lafite)2
Château LatourPauillacPremier Grand Cru Classé, 1855 92.0 ha — Artémis Domaines (Pinault family)2
Château Lynch-BagesPauillacCinquième Grand Cru Classé, 1855 100 ha — Cazes family (JM Cazes)1
Château MargauxMargauxPremier Grand Cru Classé, 1855 94.0 ha 390K Mentzelopoulos family2
Château Mouton RothschildPauillacPremier Grand Cru Classé, 1855 (promoted 1973) 90.0 ha — Baron Philippe de Rothschild SA1
Château PalmerMargauxTroisième Grand Cru Classé, 1855 66.0 ha — Sichel and Mahler-Besse families1
Château d'YquemSauternesPremier Cru Supérieur, 1855 (Sauternes) 113 ha — LVMH1
PetrusPomerolUnclassified — Pomerol has no classification system 11.4 ha 30.0K Moueix family (Jean-François Moueix), with a minority stake sold in 20181

Burgundy

About the region →
Chambertin Grand Cru vineyard in Gevrey-Chambertin, FranceProducerDomaine Armand RousseauGevrey-Chambertin's reference domaine: 15.5 hectares including Chambertin and Clos de Bèze, run by the fourth…Vineyards with the village of Meursault, FranceProducerDomaine Coche-DuryThe most expensive white Burgundy outside Montrachet: about 11 hectares in Meursault, with a…Chambolle-MusignyProducerDomaine Georges RoumierChambolle-Musigny's leading domaine, 12 hectares, whose Musigny — from a tenth of a hectare — is among the…Chambertin vineyard, Gevrey-Chambertin, Burgundy, FranceProducerDomaine LeroyLalou Bize-Leroy's biodynamic domaine, about 22 hectares, with wines that trade above DRC's for some grands…The Romanée-Conti vineyardProducerDomaine de la Romanée-ContiAbout 28 hectares of grands crus, two monopoles, and the most expensive wines on the planet — sold only by…
Burgundy: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
Domaine Armand RousseauGevrey ChambertinGrands and premiers crus, Gevrey-Chambertin 15.5 ha 65.0K Rousseau family2
Domaine Coche-DuryMeursaultVillage, premier cru and grand cru (Corton-Charlemagne) 11.0 ha — Coche family2
Domaine Georges RoumierChambolle MusignyGrands and premiers crus, Chambolle-Musigny 12.0 ha — Roumier family2
Domaine LeroyVosne RomaneeGrands and premiers crus, Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune 22.0 ha — Lalou Bize-Leroy (with Takashimaya as a shareholder)2
Domaine de la Romanée-ContiVosne RomaneeGrands crus (Vosne-Romanée, Flagey-Échezeaux, Corton, Montrachet) 28.0 ha — de Villaine and Leroy/Roch families (civil company)3

Champagne

About the region →
Bollinger, AÿProducerBollingerAÿ's Pinot Noir house, family-owned since 1829, with about 179 hectares of its own vines and a prestige tier…Hautvillers, the abbey of Dom PérignonProducerDom PérignonMoët & Chandon's prestige cuvée, vintage-only, released after at least seven or eight years and again as…Krug, ReimsProducerKrugThe prestige-only house of Reims, LVMH-owned since 1999, whose Grande Cuvée is a blend of more than 120 wines…Aerial view of the Phare de Verzenay among the Champagne vineyards of the Montagne de Reims in autumnProducerLouis RoedererThe largest family-owned Champagne house, with about 240 hectares of its own vineyard — the source of…The village of Le Mesnil-sur-Oger in Champagne, FranceProducerSalonOne wine, one grape, one village, one vintage at a time: Salon Le Mesnil is released only in years the house…
Champagne: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
BollingerMontagne De ReimsGrande marque 179 ha — Bollinger family2
Dom PérignonCote Des BlancsPrestige cuvée, vintage only — — LVMH (Moët Hennessy)2
KrugMontagne De ReimsPrestige house — — LVMH3
Louis RoedererMontagne De ReimsGrande marque; prestige cuvée Cristal 240 ha — Rouzaud family1
SalonCote Des BlancsSingle blanc de blancs, vintage only 1.0 ha 60.0K Laurent-Perrier group1

Mosel

About the region →
The ScharzhofProducerEgon Müller (Scharzhof)The most expensive white wines in the world: Scharzhofberger Trockenbeerenauslese from about 8 hectares of…Wehlener Sonnenuhr vineyard, Riesling, Mosel, WehlenProducerJoh. Jos. PrümWehlener Sonnenuhr's reference estate: about 20 hectares of steep Mosel slate, Auslese and Goldkapsel…
Mosel: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
Egon Müller (Scharzhof)SaarVDP Grosse Lage (Scharzhofberg) 16.0 ha — Müller family (Egon Müller IV)2
Joh. Jos. PrümSaarVDP Grosse Lage (Wehlener Sonnenuhr) 20.0 ha — Prüm family1

Napa Valley

About the region →
Mustard flowers blooming between grape vines at a vineyard in spring in Yountville, Napa Valley, CaliforniaProducerDominus EstateChristian Moueix of Pétrus in Napa: the 124-acre Napanook vineyard in Yountville, dry-farmed, first vintage…Vineyard in Oakville, Napa ValleyProducerHarlan EstateBill Harlan's 240-acre hillside above Oakville, founded in 1984 with a first vintage in 1990, producing about…Opus One, OakvilleProducerOpus OneThe 1979 Mondavi–Rothschild joint venture: about 170 acres in Oakville including To Kalon parcels, roughly…Aerial view of vineyards at sunrise with fog, Rutherford AVA, Napa Valley, California, USAProducerScarecrowOld-vine Cabernet from the J.J. Cohn estate in Rutherford — vines planted in 1945 — first made in 2003 and…Sign for the Oakville American Viticultural Area in Napa Valley, California, surrounded by mustard flowersProducerScreaming EagleNapa's scarcity benchmark: an Oakville estate founded in 1992, about 500–600 cases of Cabernet a year sold by…
Napa Valley: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
Dominus EstateYountvilleYountville AVA 50.0 ha — Christian Moueix1
Harlan EstateOakvilleCult Napa Cabernet; Oakville AVA 16.0 ha — Harlan family1
Opus OneOakvilleOakville AVA; Bordeaux-style blend 69.0 ha 300K Constellation Brands and Baron Philippe de Rothschild SA1
ScarecrowRutherfordRutherford AVA; cult Cabernet 10.0 ha — Bret Lopez and Mimi DeBlasio1
Screaming EagleOakvilleCult Napa Cabernet; Oakville AVA — — Stan Kroenke1

Piedmont

About the region →
Hills between Serralunga and Castiglione Falletto, Piedmont, ItalyProducerBruno GiacosaThe red-label riservas of Bruno Giacosa — Barolo Le Rocche del Falletto and Barbaresco Asili — made only in…Panorama of Piedmont vineyards and the town of BarbarescoProducerGajaThe house that put Barbaresco on the auction block: about 100 hectares in Piedmont, single-vineyard Sorì San…The village of Serralunga d'Alba and the Langhe, ItalyProducerGiacomo ConternoBarolo's most collectible traditionalist: Monfortino Riserva, made only in selected years and aged around…
Piedmont: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
Bruno GiacosaBarbarescoBarolo and Barbaresco DOCG; Riserva (red label) in selected years 20.0 ha — Giacosa family1
GajaBarbarescoBarbaresco DOCG; single-vineyard crus 100 ha — Gaja family2
Giacomo ConternoBaroloBarolo DOCG; Monfortino Riserva 30.0 ha — Conterno family (Roberto Conterno)2

Rhône

About the region →
Aerial view of the wine village of Châteauneuf-du-Pape near Avignon, FranceProducerChâteau RayasThe anti-Châteauneuf: 13 hectares of old Grenache in sandy pine woods, yields around 15 hl/ha, and…Château de BeaucastelProducerChâteau de BeaucastelThe Perrin family's 130-hectare Châteauneuf estate, organic since the 1960s, whose Hommage à Jacques Perrin —…Sunset over the vineyards of Tain-l'Hermitage, Rhône Valley, FranceProducerDomaine Jean-Louis ChaveSixteen generations on the hill of Hermitage: about 15 hectares across the hill's climats, and a Cuvée…Ampuis, Côte-RôtieProducerE. GuigalThe house that made Côte-Rôtie collectible: the 'La La' single-vineyard wines — La Mouline, La Landonne, La…
Rhône: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
Château RayasChateauneuf Du PapeChâteauneuf-du-Pape AOC 13.0 ha — Reynaud family1
Château de BeaucastelChateauneuf Du PapeChâteauneuf-du-Pape AOC 130 ha — Famille Perrin1
Domaine Jean-Louis ChaveHermitageHermitage AOC 15.0 ha — Chave family2
E. GuigalCote RotieCôte-Rôtie AOC; single-vineyard crus 75.0 ha — Guigal family3

Rioja

About the region →
Marqués de Murrieta, RiojaProducerMarqués de MurrietaThe 300-hectare Ygay estate outside Logroño and Castillo Ygay Gran Reserva Especial, released after a decade…
Rioja: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
Marqués de MurrietaRioja AltaDOCa Rioja; Gran Reserva Especial 300 ha — Cebrián-Sagarriga family1

Tuscany

About the region →
MassetoProducerMassetoSeven hectares of Merlot on a clay hill in Bolgheri, about 30,000 bottles, and Italy's answer to Pétrus.Bolgheri Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards in Tuscany, home of Sassicaia and OrnellaiaProducerOrnellaiaBolgheri's second great estate, founded in 1981 by Lodovico Antinori and owned by the Frescobaldi family…Tenuta San Guido, BolgheriProducerTenuta San Guido (Sassicaia)The estate that invented the super Tuscan: Sassicaia, first sold commercially from the 1968 vintage, now with…
Tuscany: the numbersVineyard size, bottles a year and who owns each one
ProducerClassificationVineyardAnnual outputOwnershipWines
MassetoBolgheriToscana IGT 7.0 ha 30.0K Marchesi Frescobaldi1
OrnellaiaBolgheriBolgheri DOC Superiore 115 ha — Marchesi Frescobaldi1
Tenuta San Guido (Sassicaia)BolgheriBolgheri Sassicaia DOC (own denomination since 2013) 90.0 ha 200K Incisa della Rocchetta family1